The causes of gambling disorder are multifaceted, involving factors such as:
- Brain chemistry alterations.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Personality traits and coexisting mental health issues.
Brain chemistry Gambling activates the brain’s reward system, releasing high levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure. Over time, these surges disrupt normal brain function, driving individuals toward unhealthy gambling behaviors and diminishing the appeal of healthier activities.
Genetics Studies suggest gambling disorder has a genetic component, often running in families. Research on identical twins indicates genetics may play a larger role than environmental factors.
Personality traits and coexisting mental health conditions Individuals with gambling disorder frequently display extreme traits, such as impulsivity, sensation-seeking, compulsivity, difficulty with decision-making, and mood instability. They may also have coexisting mental health conditions, including:
- Substance use disorders, particularly alcohol.
- Impulse control issues.
- Mood disorders like depression.
- Anxiety disorders.
- Personality disorders.
These conditions may either precede or develop alongside gambling disorder.